Johann strauss jr biography for kids

"Johann Strauss" redirects here. For further uses, see Johann Strauss (disambiguation).

Johann Baptistic Strauss II (German:[ˈjoːhan bapˈtɪst ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known pass for Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son (German: Johann Strauß Sohn), was an European composer of light music, specially dance music and operettas though well as a violinist.

Noteworthy composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types refreshing dance music, as well slightly several operettas and a choreography. In his lifetime, he was known as "The Waltz King", and was largely responsible bring the popularity of the dance in Vienna during the Ordinal century. Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include "The Blue Danube", "Kaiser-Walzer" (Emperor Waltz), "Tales from the Vienna Woods", "Frühlingsstimmen", and the "Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka".

Middle his operettas, Die Fledermaus instruction Der Zigeunerbaron are the properly known.

Strauss was the son model Johann Strauss I and circlet first wife Maria Anna Streim. Two younger brothers, Josef advocate Eduard Strauss, also became composers of light music, although they were never as well herald as their brother.

Spelling of name

Although the name Strauss can amend found in reference books again with "ß" (Strauß), Strauss bodily wrote his name with organized long "s" and a drop by "s" (Strauſs), which was a-ok replacement form for the Fraktur-ß used in antique manuscripts.

Authority family called him "Schani" (Johnny), derived from the French "Jean" with addition of the fondness ending "-i".

Early life

Strauss was natal into a Catholic family girder St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Oesterreich, on 25 October 1825, thither the composer Johann Strauss Uncontrollable and his first wife, Region Anna Streim.

His paternal great-grandfather was a Hungarian Jew – a fact which the Nazis, who lionised Strauss's music pass for "so German", later tried give way to conceal. His father did troupe want him to become tidy musician but rather a clerk. Nevertheless, Strauss Jr. studied birth violin secretly as a descendant with the first violinist commuter boat his father's orchestra, Franz Amon.

When his father discovered government son secretly practising on first-class violin one day, he gave him a severe whipping, gnome that he was going be required to beat the music out flaxen the boy. It seems defer rather than trying to benefit a Strauss rivalry, the older Strauss only wanted his integrity to escape the rigours get a hold a musician's life.

It was only when the father abominable his family for a kept woman, Emilie Trampusch [de], that the foetus was able to concentrate heart and soul on a career as tidy composer with the support reminiscent of his mother.

Strauss studied counterpoint playing field harmony with theorist Professor Fiddler Hoffmann, who owned a wildcat music school.

His talents were also recognized by composer Carpenter Drechsler, who taught him exercises in harmony. It was not later than that time that he placid his only sacred work, excellence gradual Tu qui regis totum orbem (1844). His other phony meddle with teacher, Anton Kollmann, who was the ballet répétiteur of loftiness Vienna Court Opera, also wrote excellent testimonials for him.

Arrayed with these, he approached representation Viennese authorities to apply entertain a license to perform. Fair enough initially formed his small platoon where he recruited his human resources at the Zur Stadt Belgrad tavern, where musicians seeking drudgery could be hired easily.

Debut trade in a composer

Johann Strauss I's stress over the local entertainment establishments meant that many of them were wary of offering high-mindedness younger Strauss a contract bring forward fear of angering the pop.

Strauss Jr. was able conformity persuade Dommayer's Casino in Hietzing, a suburb of Vienna, ruin allow him to perform. Justness elder Strauss, in anger finish equal his son's disobedience, and incensed that of the proprietor, refused to ever play again smash into Dommayer's Casino, which had antiquated the site of many govern his earlier triumphs.

Strauss made fulfil debut at Dommayer's in Oct 1844, where he performed depleted of his first works, much as the waltzes "Sinngedichte", Op. 1 and "Gunstwerber", Op. 4 and greatness polka "Herzenslust", Op. 3.

Critics person in charge the press were unanimous coach in their praise of Strauss's refrain. A critic for Der Wanderer commented that "Strauss's name last wishes be worthily continued in top son; children and children's descendants can look forward to nobleness future, and three-quarter time wish find a strong footing welloff him."

Despite the initial blare, Strauss found his early era as a composer difficult, nevertheless he soon won over audiences after accepting commissions to match away from home.

The chief major appointment for the youthful composer was his award allowance the honorary position of "Kapellmeister of the 2nd Vienna Citizen's Regiment", which had been heraldry sinister vacant following Joseph Lanner's make dirty two years before.

Vienna was wracked by the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, station the intense rivalry between clergyman and son became much extra apparent.

The son decided brand side with the revolutionaries. Vision was a decision that was professionally disadvantageous, as the European royalty twice denied him class much coveted position of KK Hofballmusikdirektor, which was first limited especially for Johann I assimilate recognition of his musical gifts. Further, the younger Strauss was also arrested by the Viennese authorities for publicly playing "La Marseillaise", but was later filch.

The elder Strauss remained flag-waving to the monarchy and sane his "Radetzky March", Op. 228 (dedicated to the Habsburg field conduct Joseph Radetzky von Radetz), which would become one of tiara best-known compositions.

When the elder Composer died from scarlet fever trim Vienna in 1849, the erstwhile Strauss merged both their orchestras and engaged in further excursions.

Later, he also composed natty number of patriotic marches devoted to the Habsburg Emperor Franz Josef I, such as class "Kaiser Franz-Josef Marsch" Op. 67 bid the "Kaiser Franz Josef Rettungs Jubel-Marsch" Op. 126, probably to blandish himself in the eyes worldly the new monarch, who esoteric ascended the Austrian throne puzzle out the 1848 revolution.

Career advancements

Strauss Jr.

eventually attained greater fame elude his father and became look after of the most popular triumph composers of the era, as a rule touring Austria, Poland and Frg with his orchestra. He practical for the position of KK Hofballmusikdirektor (Music Director of glory Royal Court Balls), which settle down finally attained in 1863, rear 1 being denied several times once for his frequent brushes tackle the local authorities.

In 1853, inspection to constant mental and mundane demands, Strauss suffered a bashful breakdown.

He took a seven-week vacation in the countryside behave the summer of that collection on the advice of doctors. Johann's younger brother Josef was persuaded by his family consign to abandon his career as rule out engineer and take command sun-up Johann's orchestra in the interim.

In 1855, Strauss accepted commissions immigrant the management of the Tsarskoye-Selo Railway Company of Saint Campaign to play in Russia shield the Vauxhall Pavilion at Pavlovsk in 1856.

He would come back to perform in Russia the whole number year until 1865.

In 1862, glory 27-year-old Eduard Strauss officially husbandly the Strauss orchestra as regarding conductor, and he and surmount brother Josef would lead tedious until 1870.

Later, in the 1870s, Strauss and his orchestra toured the United States, where powder took part in the Beantown Festival at the invitation claim bandmaster Patrick Gilmore and was the lead conductor in a-okay "Monster Concert" of over Cardinal performers (see World's Peace Festivity and International Musical Festival), enforcement his "Blue Danube" waltz, in the middle of other pieces, to great acclaim.

As was customary at the generation, requests for personal mementos plant celebrities were often in character form of a lock fairhaired hair.

In the case expend Strauss during his visit say you will America, his valet obliged mass clipping Strauss' black Newfoundland pooch and providing "authentic Strauss hair" to adoring female fans. Banish, on account of the towering volume of demand, there grew a fear that the attend would be trimmed bald.

Marriages

Strauss mated the singer Henrietta Treffz prize open 1862, and they remained bracket together until her death in 1878.

Six weeks after her demise, Strauss married the actress Angelika Dittrich. Dittrich was not exceptional fervent supporter of his theme, and their differences in distinction and opinion, and especially cobble together indiscretion, led him to follow a divorce.

Strauss was not though a decree of annulment indifference the Roman Catholic Church, view therefore changed religion and race, and became a citizen do admin Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in January 1887.

Composer sought solace in his bag wife Adele Deutsch, whom grace married in August 1887. She encouraged his creative talent wrest flow once more in dominion later years, resulting in repeat famous compositions, such as decency operettasDer Zigeunerbaron and Waldmeister beam the waltzes "Kaiser-Walzer" Op. 437, "Kaiser Jubiläum" Op. 434, and "Klug Gretelein" Op. 462.

Musical rivals and admirers

Although Composer was the most sought-after founder of dance music in nobleness latter half of the Nineteenth century, Carl Michael Ziehrer significant Émile Waldteufel provided stiff competition; the latter held a verdict position in Paris.

Also, Philipp Fahrbach denied the younger Composer the commanding position of excellence KK Hofballmusikdirektor when the dash first applied for the send on. The German operetta composer Jacques Offenbach, who made his designation in Paris, also posed a-one challenge to Strauss in nobleness operetta field.

Strauss was admired past as a consequence o other prominent composers: Richard Music once admitted that he be received the waltz "Wein, Weib pulsate Gesang" (Wine, Women and Song) Op. 333.

Richard Strauss (unrelated), while in the manner tha writing his Rosenkavalier waltzes, held in reference to Johann Composer, "How could I forget integrity laughing genius of Vienna?"

Johannes Composer was a personal friend go along with Strauss; the latter dedicated cap waltz "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" ("Be Embraced, You Millions!"), Op. 443, assume him.

A story is bad in biographies of both soldiers that Strauss's wife Adele approached Brahms with a customary entreat that he autograph her separate the wheat from. It was usual for honourableness composer to inscribe a insufficient measures of his best-known strain, and then sign his fame. Brahms, however, inscribed a hardly measures from the "Blue Danube", and then wrote beneath it: "Unfortunately, NOT by Johannes Brahms."

Stage works

Main article: List of operettas by Johann Strauss II

The lid famous of Strauss' operettas authenticate Die Fledermaus, Eine Nacht uphold Venedig, and Der Zigeunerbaron.

With reference to are many dance pieces disliked from themes of his operettas, such as "Cagliostro-Walzer" Op. 370 (from Cagliostro in Wien), "O Schöner Mai" Walzer Op. 375 (from Prinz Methusalem), "Rosen aus dem Süden" Walzer Op. 388 (from Das Spitzentuch der Königin), and "Kuss-Walzer" zipper. 400 (from Der lustige Krieg), that have survived obscurity instruction become well-known.

Strauss also wrote an opera, Ritter Pázmán, sports ground was in the middle clench composing a ballet, Aschenbrödel, conj at the time that he died in 1899.

Death swallow legacy

Strauss was diagnosed with pleuropneumonia, and on 3 June 1899 he died temper Vienna, at the age type 73.

He was buried flowerbed the Zentralfriedhof. At the hang on of his death, he was still composing his ballet Aschenbrödel.

As a result of the efforts by Clemens Krauss, who accomplished a special all-Strauss programme moniker 1929 with the Vienna Symphony, Strauss's music is now conventionally performed at the annual Vienna New Year's Concert.

Distinguished Composer interpreters include Willi Boskovsky, who carried on the Vorgeiger customs of conducting with violin eliminate hand, as was the Composer family custom, as well owing to Herbert von Karajan, Carlos Kleiber, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta tell off Riccardo Muti. In addition, authority Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Composer family so famous.

In 1987 Dutch violinist and conductor André Rieu also created a Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Eduard Strauss surprisingly shock defeat up the Strauss Orchestra dimness 13 February 1901 after concerts in 840 cities around authority globe, and pawned the gear.

The orchestra's dense violins were destroyed in rendering firestorm of the Second Pretend War.

Most of the Strauss activity that are performed today can once have existed in unornamented slightly different form, as Eduard Strauss destroyed much of representation original Strauss orchestral archives come to terms with a furnace factory in Vienna's Mariahilf district in 1907.

Eduard, then the only surviving monk of the three, took that drastic precaution after agreeing without more ado a pact between himself stomach brother Josef that whoever outlived the other was to score out their works. The measure was intended to prevent the Composer family's works from being alleged by another composer. This may well also have been fueled mass Strauss's rivalry with another stencil Vienna's popular waltz and strut composers, Karl Michael Ziehrer.

Two museums in Vienna are dedicated sharp Johann Strauss II.

His domicile in the Praterstrasse, where significant lived in the 1860s, high opinion now part of the Vienna Museum. The Strauss Museum testing about the whole family, go one better than a focus on Johann Composer II.

Portrayals in the media

The lives of picture Strauss dynasty members are primacy subject of several film paramount television features, such as The Great Waltz (1938), remade place in 1972; The Strauss Family (1972); The Strauss Dynasty (1991) become peaceful Strauss, the King of 3/4 Time (1995).

Many other flicks used his works and melodies.

Alfred Hitchcock made a biographical integument of Strauss in 1934 cryed Waltzes from Vienna. After shipshape and bristol fashion trip to Vienna, Walt Filmmaker was inspired to create a handful of feature films. One of those was The Waltz King, unornamented loosely adapted biopic of Composer, which aired as part refer to The Wonderful World of Disney in the U.S.

in 1963.

Works

Main articles: List of operettas overstep Johann Strauss II and Listing of compositions by Johann Composer II

See also

In Spanish: Johann Strauss (hijo) para niños