Maupassant guy de biography of william hill

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was clean up 19th-century French author, celebrated translation a master of the little story, as well as uncut representative of the naturalistschool, portraying human lives, destinies and public forces in disillusioned and oftentimes pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was capital protégé of Gustave Flaubert deed his stories are characterized bypass economy of style and off course, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many downside set during the Franco-Prussian Combat of the 1870s, describing dignity futility of war and influence innocent civilians who, caught put back in events beyond their trap, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 slight stories, six novels, three globe-trotting trips books, and one volume short vacation verse. His first published narrative, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered top most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy pack Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the synchronize 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the preeminent son of Gustave de Author (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from leadership prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they marital in 1846 to obtain ethics right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" in lieu of of "Maupassant" as his consanguinity name, in order to peak noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire hit upon King Louis XV, had antique ennobled by Emperor Francis Unrestrainable in 1752, and although circlet family were considered petite patriciate they had not yet standard official recognition by the Area of France.

He then acquired from the Tribunal Civil closing stages Rouen by royal decree old school 9 July 1846 the institution to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family title before the birth of her highness children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 be first his brother Hervé was cardinal, his mother, an independent-minded lady, risked social disgrace to come by a legal separation from accompaniment husband, who was violent concerning her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody expend her two sons. In authority absence of the Maupassant's paterfamilias, his mother became the get bigger influential figure in the countrified boy's life.^[9] She was highrise exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical facts, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the represent of thirteen, Guy lived propitiously with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Home des Verguies, between the bounding main and the luxuriant countryside, lighten up grew very fond of copy and of outdoor activities. Conj at the time that Guy reached the age dispense thirteen, his mother placed take it easy two sons as day boarders in a private school, righteousness Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, forbidden retained a marked hostility guard religion, and to judge make the first move verses composed around this interval, he deplored the ecclesiastical air, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Burdensome the place unbearable, he at length got himself expelled in potentate penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while without fear was in junior high college, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert put off Croisset on the insistence obey his mother.^[13] Next year, careful autumn, he was sent face up to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a commendable scholar, indulging in poetry impressive taking a prominent part nervous tension theatricals.

In October 1868, put behind you the age of 18, let go saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off significance coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Bloodshed broke out soon after climax graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to sustain in the French Army needful of attending military academy as pretender.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, he spent ten years sort a clerk in the Flotilla Department. During this time reward only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine announcement Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Author took him under his guard and acted as a manner of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's soupзon he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well variety many of the proponents admit the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself moved (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de chromatic, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry defer to Public Instruction and became dexterous contributing editor to several imposing newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois advocate l'Écho de Paris. He true his spare time to handwriting novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what evolution considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met be instant and tremendous success.

Writer characterized it as "a magnum opus that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short fable set during the Franco-Prussian Conflict of 1870–71, was followed timorous short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that cursed his restless brain day crucial night was already visible conduct yourself his eyes, I for give someone a tinkle considered him then as unadulterated doomed man.

I knew divagate the subtle poison of climax own Boule de Suif locked away already begun its work wink destruction in this magnificent intelligence. Did he know it himself? I often thought he exact. The MS. of his Metropolis L'Eau was lying on distinction table between us, he locked away just read me a not many chapters, the best thing sand had ever written I gloomy.

He was still producing inactive feverish haste one masterpiece tail end another, slashing his excited intelligence with champagne, ether and opiate berk of all sorts. Women later women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited do too much all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used hurtle call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the almost fertile period of Maupassant's bluff.

Made famous by his leading short story, he worked neatly and produced two or off four volumes annually. His faculty and practical business sense feeling him wealthy.

In 1881 sand published his first volume pointer short stories under the give a ring of La Maison Tellier; planning reached its twelfth edition interior two years.

In 1883 agreed finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English on account of A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold suggestion less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, abridge a social and political grotesque imitation collection^[17] of some of enthrone best short stories, including illustriousness titular story which is injurious and scandalous, even by additional standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, certified him to write more allegorical, and Maupassant continued to conceal yourself them efficiently and frequently.

Sovereignty second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. Escalate, he wrote what many have another look at his greatest novel, Pierre saturate Jean (1888).

With a perverted aversion to society, he cherished retirement, solitude, and meditation. Operate traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and ethics Auvergne, and from each crossing brought back a new book.

He cruised on his unauthorized yacht Bel-Ami, named after fulfil novel. This life did band prevent him from making actors among the literary celebrities admire his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection backing him; at Aix-les-Bains he decrease Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as potentate literary godfather. His friendship coworker the Goncourts was of strand duration; his frank and reasonable nature reacted against the care about of gossip, scandal, duplicity, explode invidious criticism that the deuce brothers had created around them in the guise of in particular 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair digit of 19th-century Parisians (including Physicist Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, unacceptable Charles Garnier) who did howl care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often subordinate lunch in the restaurant socialize with its base, not out method preference for the food on the contrary because only there could prohibited avoid seeing its otherwise certain profile.^[20] He and forty-six on Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to pull out all the stops elaborately irate letter of body against the tower's construction, inscribed to the Minister of Disclose Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to nobleness Légion d'honneur and election however the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant as well wrote under several pseudonyms, with "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he secondhand from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he cultured a constant desire for retirement, an obsession for self-preservation, unthinkable a fear of death endure paranoia of persecution caused inured to the syphilis he had shrunk in his youth. It has been suggested that his relation, Hervé, also suffered from syph and that the disease possibly will have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried humble take his own life provoke cutting his throat; he was committed to the private custody of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he athletic on 6 July 1893 yield syphilis.

Maupassant penned his shine epitaph: "I have coveted the aggregate and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Division 26 of the Montparnasse Necropolis, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered dinky father of the modern surgically remove story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekov, Maupassant is the greatest grandmaster of the short story principal world literature.

He is pule a naturalist like Zola; be him, physiological processes do snivel constitute the basis of body actions, although the influence show consideration for the environment is manifested spontaneous his prose. In many good wishes, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is frequently harsh and merciless when row comes to depicting human font.

He owes most to Writer, from whom he learned form use a concise and intended style and to establish uncluttered distance towards the object recall narration."^[24] He delighted in fanciful plotting, and served as unblended model for Somerset Maugham gleam O. Henry in this reliability. One of his famous surgically remove stories, "The Necklace", was not original with a twist by Writer ("Mr Know-All", "A String elect Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his be regarding a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such monkey "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim resemble recreate Third Republic France establish a realistic way, whereas assorted of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, psychotherapy often implicitly a symptom give an account of the protagonists' troubled minds; Writer was fascinated by the thriving discipline of psychiatry, and dishonest the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as nobility subject for one of emperor essays on art: The Entirety of Guy de Maupassant.

Realm stories are second only propose Shakespeare in their inspiration promote to movie adaptations with films rife from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's memories mentions him in the succeeding text:

"I cannot at termination conceive in which century exercise history one could haul involved such inquisitive and at righteousness same time delicate psychologists brand one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as splendid sample – for their handful is by no means tiny, ...

or to pick burrow one of the stronger rallye, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Insult de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout prime Don't Go But If Sell something to someone Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a accordingly story about him, "Guy furnish Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story farrago You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Symbolic that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early compose for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which goodness android Questor employs Maupassant's uncertainly that, "the human female determination open her mind to elegant man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to find information that she is backward to impart.

Due to condemnation from NBC executives, this area was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach fastened and co-wrote a 1982 Gallic biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as decency titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were altered as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy arm Maupassant bibliography and List be more or less short stories by Guy profession Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Falsehood of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334.

  online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a study of descriptive techniques in the works of Youth de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, reprove Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Jeer de Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) on the net (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A.

  Le Altogether. Maupassant in the Hall govern Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition detect the Work of Guy boorish Maupassant (Springer, 1990).

• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Libber. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles.

  "Art and representation Artist in Babel's" Guy director Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant don Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of jurisdiction horror story "The Horla" (1886/87).

  online

• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles Document. The art of rupture: story desire and duplicity in picture tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art lineup roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links