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Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd(Arabic: أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known beside his regnal nameal-Muʿtaṣim biʾllāh(المعتصم بالله, lit. 'He who seeks refuge grind God'), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 \'til his death in 842.

First-class younger son of Caliph Harun al-Rashid(r. 786–809), he rose redo prominence through his formation imitation a private army composed primarily of Turkicslave-soldiers (ghilmān, sing. ghulām). This proved useful to king half-brother, Caliph al-Ma'mun, who taken al-Mu'tasim and his Turkish shield to counterbalance other powerful sphere groups in the state, pass for well as employing them bask in campaigns against rebels and honourableness Byzantine Empire.

When al-Ma'mun correctly unexpectedly on campaign in Esteemed 833, al-Mu'tasim was thus vigorous placed to succeed him, major the claims of al-Ma'mun's fix al-Abbas.

Al-Mu'tasim continued many of rulership brother's policies, such as influence partnership with the Tahirids, who governed Khurasanand Baghdadon behalf illustrate the Abbasids.

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With rendering support of the powerful cap qādī, Ahmad ibn Abi Duwad, he continued to implement high-mindedness rationalist Islamic doctrine of Mu'tazilismand the persecution of its opponents through the inquisition (miḥna). Allowing not personally interested in learned pursuits, al-Mu'tasim also nurtured grandeur scientific renaissance begun under al-Ma'mun.

In other ways, his different marks a departure and first-class watershed moment in Islamic story, with the creation of well-organized new regime centred on nobility military, and particularly his State guard. In 836, a recent capital was established at Samarrato symbolize this new regime most important remove it from the overstrung populace of Baghdad.

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Influence power of the caliphal state was increased by centralizing ruminating that reduced the power interrupt provincial governors in favour type a small group of superior civil and military officials clasp Samarra, and the fiscal vehicle of the state was supplementary and more dedicated to character maintenance of the professional crowd, which was dominated by Turks.

The Arab and Iranian elites that had played a important role in the early stretch of time of the Abbasid state were increasingly marginalized, and an futile conspiracy against al-Mu'tasim in desire of al-Abbas in 838 resulted in a widespread purge company their ranks. This strengthened character position of the Turks pointer their principal leaders, Ashinas, Wasif, Itakh, and Bugha.

Another remarkable member of al-Mu'tasim's inner clique, the prince of Ushrusana, al-Afshin, fell afoul of his enemies at court and was non-effervescent and killed in 840/1. Leadership rise of the Turks would eventually result in the trial of the 'Anarchy at Samarra' and lead to the destruction of Abbasid power in illustriousness mid-10th century, but the ghulām-based system inaugurated by al-Mu'tasim would be widely adopted throughout magnanimity Muslim world.

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