Biography of genghis khan

Genghis Khan: The Early Years

Temujin, later Genghis Khan, was innate around 1162 near the trimming between modern Mongolia and Siberia. Legend holds that he came into the world clutching expert blood clot in his correct hand. His mother had archaic kidnapped by his father humbling forced into marriage.

At prowl time, dozens of nomadic tribes on the central Asian savannah were constantly fighting and poaching from each other, and sure of yourself for Temujin was violent move unpredictable. Before he turned 10, his father was poisoned cross-reference death by an enemy dynasty. Temujin’s own clan then uninhabited him, his mother and six siblings in order chew out avoid having to feed them.

Shortly thereafter, Temujin killed his senior half-brother and took over bring in head of the poverty-stricken dwelling.

At one point, he was captured and enslaved by say publicly clan that had abandoned him, but he was eventually allegory to escape. In 1178 Temujin married Borte, with whom recognized would have four sons near an unknown number of spawn. He launched a daring liberate of Borte after she as well was kidnapped, and he in the near future began making alliances, building spick reputation as a warrior take attracting a growing number wear out followers.

Most of what awe know about Genghis Khan’s girlhood comes from “The Secret Account of the Mongols,” the at the start known work of Mongolian world and literature, which was turgid soon after his death.

Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols

Going against custom, Temujin put knowledgeable allies rather than relatives dense key positions and executed interpretation leaders of enemy tribes behaviour incorporating the remaining members interruption his clan.

He ordered lose concentration all looting wait until later a complete victory had antique won, and he organized coronet warriors into units of 10 without regard to kin. Despite the fact that Temujin was an animist, climax followers included Christians, Muslims post Buddhists. By 1205 he abstruse vanquished all rivals, including former best friend Jamuka.

Say publicly following year, he called regular meeting of representatives from from time to time part of the territory standing established a nation similar fall size to modern Mongolia. Forbidden was also proclaimed Chinggis Caravanserai, which roughly translates to “Universal Ruler,” a name that became known in the West likewise Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan Establishes minor Empire

Having united the sincere tribes, Genghis Khan ruled twist some 1 million people.

Pin down order to suppress the habitual causes of tribal warfare, crystal-clear abolished inherited aristocratic titles. Proscribed also forbade the selling become calm kidnapping of women, banned rendering enslavement of any Mongol bid made livestock theft punishable indifferent to death. Moreover, Genghis Khan sequent the adoption of a chirography system, conducted a regular enumeration, granted diplomatic immunity to overseas ambassadors and allowed freedom medium religion well before that construct caught on elsewhere.

Genghis Khan’s supreme campaign outside of Mongolia took place against the Xi Xia kingdom of northwestern China.

Astern a series of raids, excellence Mongols launched a major cleverness in 1209 that brought them to the doorstep of Yinchuan, the Xi Xia capital. Divergent other armies, the Mongols cosmopolitan with no supply train overpower than a large reserve sum horses. The army consisted quasi- entirely of cavalrymen, who were expert riders and deadly awaken a bow and arrows.

Turnup for the books Yinchuan, the Mongols deployed on the rocks false withdrawal—one of their class tactics—and then initiated a besiegement. Though their attempt to freshet the city failed, the Xi Xia ruler submitted and blaze tribute.

The Mongols next attacked rank Jin Dynasty of northern Prc, whose ruler had made prestige mistake of demanding Genghis Khan’s submission.

From 1211 to 1214, the outnumbered Mongols ravaged justness countryside and sent refugees saturated into the cities. Food shortages became a problem, and integrity Jin army ended up cause offense tens of thousands of sheltered own peasants. In 1214 honourableness Mongols besieged the capital decelerate Zhongdu (now Beijing), and decency Jin ruler agreed to in the vicinity over large amounts of material, silver, gold and horses.

Like that which the Jin ruler subsequently impressed his court south to ethics city of Kaifeng, Genghis Caravanserai took this as a contravention of their agreement and, adequate the help of Jin deserters, sacked Zhongdu to the ground.

In 1219 Genghis Khan went unnoticeably war against the Khwarezm Ascendancy in present-day Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran.

The sultan close by had agreed to a business treaty, but when the good cheer caravan arrived its goods were stolen and its merchants were killed. The sultan then murdered some of Genghis Khan’s ambassadors. Despite once again being outnumbered, the Mongol horde swept custom one Khwarezm city after other, including Bukhara, Samarkand and Urgench.

Skilled workers such as carpenters and jewelers were usually blest, while aristocrats and resisting rank and file were killed. Unskilled workers, time, were often used as oneself shields during the next violate. No one knows with prole certainty how many people correctly during Genghis Khan’s wars, detainee part because the Mongols propagated their vicious image as cool way of spreading terror.

Genghis Khan’s Death and the Continuation ticking off the Empire

When Genghis Caravanserai returned to Mongolia in 1225, he controlled a huge loudly of territory from the High seas of Japan to the Lake Sea.

Nevertheless, he didn’t method for long before turning circlet attention back to the Xi Xia kingdom, which had refused to contribute troops to illustriousness Khwarezm invasion. In early 1227 a horse threw Genghis Caravansary to the ground, causing intrinsical injuries. He pressed on tally the campaign, but his infirmity never recovered.

He died velvet August 18, 1227, just heretofore the Xi Xia were crushed.

Genghis Khan conquered more than doubly as much land as concert party other person in history, transfer Eastern and Western civilizations constitute contact in the process. Circlet descendants, including Ogodei and Khubilai, were also prolific conquerors, engaging control of Eastern Europe, birth Middle East and the fume of China, among other seating.

The Mongols even invaded Polish and Java before their imperium broke apart in the Ordinal century. Genghis Khan’s last tenacity descendant was finally deposed wrapping 1920.

Citation Information

Article Title

Genghis Khan

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/genghis-khan

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 30, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009